A Smart Port Readiness Index in Southeast Asia to support autonomous ship operations (opens in a new tab)
This study created a Smart Port Readiness Index (SPRI) to evaluate port preparedness for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines. The index measured six dimensions, including technology, cybersecurity, and regulations, using policy text mining and a simulation framework. Singapore ranked highest in readiness, while Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines showed low capacity for MASS operations. The findings suggest prioritizing investments in autonomous technologies and cybersecurity to improve port readiness.