Autonomous Maritime Vehicles in Law Enforcement Contexts in the South China Sea (opens in a new tab)
The paper explores the impact of Autonomous Maritime Vehicles in Law Enforcement (AMVLEs) on maritime security and legal frameworks in the South China Sea. It argues that while AMVLEs do not create new tensions, they may worsen existing ones by complicating identification, navigational rights, and lawful responses during encounters. The authors conclude that adapting existing UNCLOS rules—through consistent application, clear state responsibility, and regional cooperation—can address these challenges without requiring a new legal regime. Operational restraint and confidence-building measures are recommended to reduce risks and maintain UNCLOS as the regional legal foundation.