(03)

Science

↓ (W18 ‘26 · Apr 27–May 3)
01crossref2026-04-29Natanael Suranta, Tri Cahyadi, Irfan FaozunDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Legal Accountability of Deck Officers in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: A Normative Analysis of COLREGS and STCW Compliance Gaps in Indonesian Domestic Shipping (opens in a new tab)

This study analyzes legal gaps in regulating Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) under existing frameworks like COLREGS, STCW, and Indonesian Law No. 17 of 2008. It identifies three key issues: undefined legal responsibility for autonomous decisions, outdated STCW standards for remote operations, and unclear liability among flag states, operators, and tech developers. Using legal and comparative analysis, the research proposes a layered accountability model for Indonesia’s domestic shipping sector. The findings aim to guide regulatory reforms for MASS integration.

02openalex2026-04-28Adesegun Nurudeen Osijirin, Victor Utibe Edmond, Shamsudeen Mohammed Sada, Rafal SzlapczynskiDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Risk-Aware Deep Learning Method for Compressing Vessel AIS Trajectories (opens in a new tab)

This paper introduces a risk-aware deep learning method to compress vessel AIS trajectory data, addressing storage, transmission, and processing challenges. The approach uses LSTM models with attention mechanisms and a risk assessment framework to prioritize high-risk segments, such as areas with vessel proximity or hazards. The method achieves a 7.5 compression ratio while retaining 95% of safety-critical features, outperforming traditional techniques. Future work will focus on real-time deployment, federated learning, and integrating additional maritime data sources.

03openalex2026-04-28Lichao Yang, Jingxian Liu, Qin Zhou, Zhao Liu +4 moreDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Advanced autonomous collision avoidance for maritime navigation: A reinforcement learning approach with ship dynamics and environmental awareness (opens in a new tab)

No abstract or body text was available, so this entry is reported from metadata only.

04crossref2026-05-01Jiangfeng Xian, Zhisheng Li, Huafeng Wu, Xiaojun Mei +4 moreDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Polar codes construction and synchronization algorithm for efficient transmission of underwater situational awareness information in autonomous ship navigation (opens in a new tab)

No abstract or body text was available, so this entry is reported from metadata only.

06openalex2026-04-28Yoshiaki Kunieda, Akihiro Nunome, Emi Kanayama, Naruphun ChotechaungDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Accident Prevention Based on Maritime Collision Cases in a Port: AI-based Measures to Prevent Ship Collision Accidents (opens in a new tab)

This study examines a 2022 ship collision in Nagoya Port caused by miscommunication via VHF radio and human error, particularly misunderstandings about vessel maneuvers at low speeds. It proposes a "digital passing agreement" system using AIS to convert verbal agreements into machine-readable data, displayed on navigation systems to improve clarity and compliance. The system detects deviations from agreed paths and integrates with Vessel Traffic Services for alerts and third-party input. The approach aims to reduce human error and improve situational awareness in port operations.

08openalex2026-04-29Pietro Corsi, Sergej Jakovlev, Massimo Figari, Vasilij DjačkovDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

A Stochastic Approach for Evaluating the Reliability of a MASS and Assessing the Compliance with the IMO Regulatory Framework (opens in a new tab)

This paper introduces a stochastic reliability framework to assess and compare the safety of manned and unmanned Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs). Using Reliability Block Diagrams (RBDs) and Monte Carlo simulations, the method evaluates mission success by treating component failure data as uncertain variables. Applied to a Search and Rescue Patrol Vessel, results show unmanned configurations can match or exceed manned reliability under moderate uncertainty but converge as uncertainty increases. The approach aids reliability-focused design for autonomous marine systems.

09openalex2026-04-27J. Nelson, M. Leber, R. Ramos, M. P. Scherer +2 moreDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Results from an Autonomous Current Survey in the Gulf of America (opens in a new tab)

A trial survey using the uncrewed surface vessel (USV) *Chance MC40* successfully mapped ocean currents in the Loop Current System (LCS) in the Gulf of America in August 2025. The USV, equipped with dual ADCPs, collected 90 hours of current velocity profiles (0-500m) across high-speed features like the LC’s northwestern wall and a cyclonic eddy. Data from the autonomous system matched traditional vessel-based measurements, proving its operational suitability. The approach reduces risks, costs, and downtime compared to crewed surveys while delivering reliable results.

10openalex2026-04-27A. I. OluwoDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Seabed Digital Twins: Enhancing Offshore Megaproject Planning Through Real-Time Survey Intelligence (opens in a new tab)

This paper introduces a seabed digital twin framework that merges hydrographic, geotechnical, and metocean data into a continuously updated digital model of seabed conditions. The system uses real-time inputs from AUVs, ROVs, ASVs, and IoT sensors, combined with cloud-based analytics, to detect seabed changes and support predictive modeling. Case studies show benefits such as a 40% reduction in re-survey costs, 25% better pipeline routing efficiency, and earlier geohazard detection. The approach improves project economics, safety, and environmental management in offshore megaprojects.

11openalex2026-04-27L. Miozza, M. Gerolin, A. Moro, G. Avanzato +10 moreDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Autonomous Sonar Based Method and System for Subsea Discharges Detection: Enhancing CCS Hub Operations with Integrated Monitoring Solutions (opens in a new tab)

This paper presents an autonomous sonar-based system for detecting subsea discharges to improve offshore carbon storage monitoring. The method uses a forward-looking acoustic setup on a surface vessel to provide real-time localization of plume-like features, enhancing coordination with other sensors. Tested at natural seepage sites, the system successfully guided complementary tools to targets, validating its role in integrated monitoring workflows. The approach aims to reduce data complexity, streamline operations, and support scalable, unmanned monitoring solutions.

12openalex2026-04-27Louise Delaigue, Peter Landschützer, Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Lisandro A. Arbilla +4 moreDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

The Southern Ocean CO2 sink in an evolving observing system (opens in a new tab)

The Southern Ocean's CO₂ sink was estimated at -1.32 ± 0.10 Pg C yr⁻¹ (2003–2024) by combining ship-based SOCAT data with year-round BGC-Argo float measurements. Earlier ship-only data suggested a strengthening sink, but this trend disappeared when float data corrected seasonal and regional biases, resulting in a near-zero long-term trend. The merged dataset reduces the inferred sink by 12% and aligns with atmospheric and ocean model estimates. Integrating both observation methods improves accuracy and provides a reliable benchmark for future CO₂ uptake assessments.

14openalex2026-04-30ZmiievskyiDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

AI‑Integrated Industrial Systems: Competence Migration, Safety Architecture, and Knowledge Extinction Risk" (opens in a new tab)

This paper examines the shift from human-controlled industrial systems to AI-driven autonomous decision-making. It combines two frameworks to analyze how human expertise transfers to AI systems, introducing new failure risks like model errors and context blindness. Evidence from aviation, manufacturing, and other sectors shows automation erodes tacit human skills, leading to irreversible knowledge loss. The authors propose a safety framework emphasizing human oversight and updated regulations for AI-integrated industries.

17openalex2026-04-28Roee Diamant, Yeshayahu Pewzner, Guy Gubnitsky, David F. Gruber +3 moreDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Backseat driver architecture to passively follow sperm whales by their voices with an autonomous underwater glider (opens in a new tab)

This paper introduces a "backseat driver" system for an autonomous underwater glider to passively track sperm whales using their echolocation clicks. The system, mounted on a modified SeaExplorer glider, uses a four-hydrophone array to detect, separate, and estimate the angle of whale sounds, adjusting the glider’s direction in real time. Field trials demonstrated the system’s ability to follow whales at distances over 100 meters with minimal noise impact. The design enables long-term passive acoustic monitoring, with open-source code and data available.

18openalex2026-04-27C. K. Weber, Brian ButlerDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Digital Transformation of Offshore Operations Smarter, Safer Decisions with Cloud–Based Seabed Information (opens in a new tab)

The paper explores how autonomous underwater survey systems are changing offshore subsea operations by reducing reliance on traditional vessel-based methods. It reviews advancements in autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and subsea data management, highlighting cloud-based platforms for scalable and efficient data handling. The authors predict AI and autonomy will significantly transform oil and gas operations in the next 10–15 years. The focus is on integrated systems combining robotics and cloud technology for data-driven subsea operations.

19openalex2026-04-27Ayşegül BuğraDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Channelling of Liability under the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 from the Perspective of Remote Operation of Ships (opens in a new tab)

The paper analyzes how the 1992 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage applies to remotely operated ships, focusing on the liability of remote operators. The IMO is considering whether to extend the convention’s "channelling of liability" provision—which limits negligence claims against certain parties—to include remote operators. Leaving their status undefined risks legal uncertainty, while explicitly clarifying it could either simplify liability or weaken environmental protections. The article evaluates both approaches, weighing treaty interpretation, case law, and policy implications.

22openalex2026-04-28Lei Tan, Lei Wang, Chaohe ChenDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Research on Underwater Scene Reconstruction for Mobile Platforms Based on Rotating Scanning Sonar (opens in a new tab)

This paper presents a method for underwater scene reconstruction using a 3D rotating scanning sonar, RTK, and IMU systems on an unmanned surface vehicle (USV). The approach combines multi-sensor data fusion, image correlation calibration, and multi-view acoustic imaging to reconstruct water column and seabed scenes accurately. The system is cost-effective and does not require precise USV motion control. Lake bed imaging tests confirmed its high-precision seabed reconstruction capabilities.

24crossref2026-05-01Changhai Huang, Xueyan Wang, Hanyu Wang, Jialong Kong +1 moreDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Corrigendum to “A novel regional ship collision risk assessment framework for multi-ship encounters in complex waters” [Ocean. Eng.] 309 (2024) 118583 (opens in a new tab)

No abstract or body text was available, so this entry is reported from metadata only.

25crossref2026-05-01Zhilin Yang, Yong Yin, Qianfeng Jing, Zeyuan Shao +2 moreDOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

A maritime panoramic visual perception framework with joint video stitching and target detection to enhance autonomous surface vehicles navigation (opens in a new tab)

No abstract or body text was available, so this entry is reported from metadata only.

27crossref2026-04-30DOI ↗ (opens in a new tab)

Underwater Maritime Autonomous Vehicles and the Future of Submarines (opens in a new tab)

The paper discusses the role of underwater maritime autonomous vehicles (UMAVs) and their impact on the future of submarines. It examines how advancements in autonomous technology may reshape submarine operations and naval strategies by 2026. The text also explores legal considerations under international law regarding the use of UMAVs. Key challenges and opportunities for integrating these systems into existing maritime frameworks are highlighted.

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